Section III
Maintaining a Sharp Eye
Passage I :   Read the Text
Punctuality and Keeping Promise

In social activities it is always emphasized to be punctual, to have a strong conception of time. If you fail to keep your promise or do not come on time and thus keep your host waiting, that is very impolite. It's hard to imagine what will happen if there is such an activity as a banquet, interview, or meeting, yet all people concerned do not come on time. If you are asked to meet a foreign guest at the airport or at the railway station and you go so late that the guest has come before you arrive, how anxious and embarrassed he will be when he, as a stranger to the place, sees no person meeting him! The same is true with the activity of seeing off a foreign guest. If you arrive so late at the airport or railway station to find the guest has gone already, what's the use of your going there?
So, as a host, whenever there is an activity, you should come to the place ahead of schedule so as to wait for the guests to come. Don't let the guests wait for you. It's very impolite. Those who are to help entertain the guests should also come earlier than the guests. But for a guest, at what time is it proper to come? You should be punctual. That is, neither too early, nor too late. If it is too early, the host may not get the things ready. If it is too late, you may keep the host waiting. Anyone, guest or host, who is really late for a social activity, should apologize to those who have already been there.  

After making an appointment, generally, don't change it as that is impolite. If you do have to change, you should inform the person by telephone or with a written note as soon as possible, so that he or she can make a rearrangement. Sometimes, an appointment has been already made, but something unexpected happens and you find no time to inform the person concerned. In this case, you should make an apology to the person afterwards.

1. …how anxious and embarrassed he will be when he ,as a stranger to the place, sees no person meeting him! (para. 1)

Analysis:
This is an exclamatory sentence with When-clause as an adverbial of time. As means “being”, used here to introduce an adverbial of manner. Meeting is a present participial modifying person.
要是他到了一个陌生的地方，看到没有人来接他，他会是多么焦急和尴尬！
e.g. How happy and delighted she will be when she, as a foreigner, sees a friend meeting her at the airport.

2. The same is true with the activity of seeing off a foreign guest. (para. 1)

Analysis:
The same is true with…means “也是如此”. With is a preposition introducing the thing which has the previous-mentioned feature(s)
给外国人送行也是如此。
e.g. The same is true with the learning of a foreign language.

3. So, as a host, whenever there is an activity, you should come to the place ahead of schedule so as to wait for the guests to come.(para. 2)

Analysis:
Whenever introduces an adverbial clause of time. In the main clause ahead of schedule  is  anadverbial of time while so as to introduces  an adverbial of purpose.
所以说，主人在搞活动时，要提前到场，等客人光临。
e.g. So, as a fireman, whenever there is a fire, you should come to the place at once so as to put the fire under control.

4. Anyone, guest or host, who is really late for a social activity, should apologize to those who have already been there.(para. 2)

Analysis:
Guest or host is  a reduced form of whether he is a guest or a host. Note that here singular forms are used without articles. The two who-clauses are used to modify anyone and those respectively.
在社交活动中，不论是客人还是主人，如果迟到了，都应该向已经到场的人说声抱歉。
e.g. Anyone, man or woman, who is in charge of a project, should often talk to those who participate in the project.

5. Sometimes, an appointment has been already made, but something unexpected happens and you find no time to inform the person concerned.(para. 3)

Analysis:
Unexpected and concerned are both adjectives which function as post modifiers of something and the person respectively.
有时定好会面时间后，发生了意外的事，没有时间通知相关人员。
e.g. Sometimes a decision has been made, but some change has to be made because problems unexpected arise, an you have no time to discuss the change with the persons concerned.

1. punctuality：being punctual n. 严守时间
punctual：being on time a. 守时的
FOR EXAMPLE
Mary got a prize for punctuality.
John is always punctual for class but this morning he was late.
2. emphasize：To place emphasis on…
FOR EXAMPLE
Our teacher emphasized how important it was to study English.
I must emphasize that they are just children.
The speaker emphasized the importance of education.
3. concerned：anxious，involved，worried
FOR EXAMPLE
I was very concerned about my mother’s illness.（worried）
All the people concerned attended the meeting.（involved）
4. embarrass：使窘迫，使难堪
FOR EXAMPLE
He embarrassed everyone by saying that the picture was terrible.
She was embarrassed when they asked about her age.
5. when（whenever）
FOR EXAMPLE
Come whenever you have time.
Whenever I go to Beijing, I visit the Great Wall.
6. entertain：使高兴，使感兴趣；款待，请客
FOR EXAMPLE
A teacher should entertain as well as teach.
The Smiths do a great deal of entertaining.
7. apologize [vi.] apologize to sb.for sth.
apology [C]
FOR EXAMPLE
I apologized to her for stepping on her foot.
I’m here especially to apologize to you.
I must offer her an apology for not going to her party.
8. inform [vt.]
FOR EXAMPLE
He promised to keep us informed of how the negotiations were going on.
I informed my boss that I was going to be away next week.
9. rearrangement
FOR EXAMPLE
The plan is not good and we need to make a rearrangement.
The rearrangement of the furniture makes the room clean and tidy.
10. unexpected adj.
FOR EXAMPLE
Her promotion was completely unexpected.
An unexpected guest is usually not welcome.（不速之客）