PartⅠCulture Referance

Background Information

Theme-Related Media

Part ⅡReading

In Class Reading

After Class Reading

Part ⅢTrying Your Hand

Senctence Writing

Applied Writing

Part Ⅳ Practice Test

Vocabulary

Reading

Conversation

Part V Just For Fun

Unit 8 Cookery, Food And Culture
Food culture in each country

"Depachika" -- A window on Japan’s food culture
Department store food floors are a fun and relatively cheap

way to experienceJapan’s food culture, and foreign ones as well. Depachika isshort for "depaato-

chika shokuhinuriba," (department store basement food-selling place)

but don’t letthe name fool you -- these are not

bargain basements,nor are they an afterthought

stuck in some spare space, as you might find back home.They commonly bring in aquarter or more of the store’s revenue,and are a majorattraction bringing customers

to the store.Somebig department stores have two depachika floors, one for packaged

goods, the other forfresh foods.

(百货商店食物地板是经历日本的食物文化的一种乐趣和比较便宜的方法

，和外国的那些相似。 Depachika对“depaato-chika shokuhi uriba，”(百货商店地下室食物出售的地方)名称是短小的，你可能随时找到，

但不是一种交易的地下室。这些，他们也不是被粘贴在某种备用的空间中的一个

aftrthought。 他们一般带进四分之一或者更多存储的岁收，而是把客户带来到

商店的一种主要的吸引。 某种大的百货商店有两块depachika地板，一个是带包装的食物，其它是新鲜的食物。

The displays are set up in islands, like a shopping street, rather than aisles like a supermarket,

and many of theislands feature top gourmet brands -- Godiva chocolates,

Toruya-yokan (famous sweets fromKyoto)andQueen Alice cakes.

显示在岛上被建立，像一条购物街道一样，而非像一个超级商场

一样的过道，的过道，和许多岛特性最高的美食家商标Godiva巧克力，Toruya-yokan(来自京都)的著名的糖和女王Alice蛋糕。）

There’s always a lot of activity at a depachika, imparting a festive air to theshopping experience.

The workers in thefish section shout a welcoming "Irrasshae!"-- often

there aretwo ormore stalls competing with each other on volume and aggression, giving the place the air of atraditional ruralmarket. Someone is always making something --rolling out dough for"soba"

(buckwheat) noodles,grilling"taiyaki" (fish-shaped buns filled with "anko" sweet-bean paste),

"takoyaki" (fried octopus dough balls),yakisoba (pan-fried soba noodles with veggies, meat and other goodies),okonomiyaki (Kansai-stylepancakes), and Western-style decorated cakes.

Many depachika rotate these artisans,so they have a differentone each week; some have permanent workspaces for them.（在depachika总有许多活动，把一种节日的气氛通知购物经验。

在鱼部分里的那些工人高声欢迎"Irrasshae"！ --经常有在量和侵略上彼此竞争的两个或更多货摊，

给地方一个传统的乡村的市场的空气。有人总是做某些

事情 -- 为"soba"(荞麦)面条转出面团，烤(鱼形成的充满

"anko"甜豆的小圆甜面包粘贴)的

"taiyaki" "takoyaki"(油煎的章鱼面团球)， yakisoba(与大脑受过损伤的人，肉和其他好吃的

东西的泛油煎的soba面条)，okonomiyaki(Kansai式薄煎饼)，和西式

装饰蛋糕。 很多depachika旋转这些手艺人，因此每周有不同的风

味；一些有永久的它们的工作区。 ）

　　Most depachika contain an excellent bakery, serving up superior baguettes, pastries and

home-grownfavorites, like melon-pan (big floury buns with green sort-of-melon-flavored topping

-- a little disgusting for first-timers, but a childhood favorite for most Japanese). Top hotels set up

bakeries there, as well as soup and cake corners.（大多数depachika包含一个极好的面包房，

为较高的baguettes，糕点和家庭成长的特别喜爱服务，像瓜平锅(带有的大的floury buns绿色的种类瓜调味的高耸--小令人作呕对于首先定时器，但是大多数日本人)的一

童年特别喜爱一样。最高的旅馆在那里建立面包房，还有汤和蛋

　Exotic foods have pride of place in the depachika -- German sausages, gourmet sandwiches

, and umpteen kinds of sushi, some of them quite exotic, like "kaki-zushi" (sushi wrapped in persimmon

leaves) and "masu-zushi" (trout sushi from Ishikawa).（外来的食物有depachika德国的香肠，

美食家三明治，和umpteen若干种类的sushi，这些都是这类地方的骄傲，

他们中的一些exotic，像“kakizushi”(在柿中被包裹的sushi)和“masu-zushi”(从Ishikawa )

的鲑属鱼类鱼sushi一样。）

　　For a good introduction to the various regions’ food cultures,

the depachika "bussanten" can’t be beat. The regional authorities are

invited to bring local food makers to the depachika to build awareness

of their area’s specialties, so one week it will feature a

Tohoku bussanten withsake,"shio-ika" (extremely salty pickled squid in a jar),"konnyaku" (springygel-likestuff made from potatoes) and various kinds of seafood fromnorthernHonshu; the next a Kyoto bussanten with exquisite "wagashi"(Japanese-style sweets); and the next maybe

an Okinawa bussanten with pickled pigs’ ears, goya tea, "saa-taa agi" (specialty donuts) and "kurozato"

(black sugar). （从各种各样地区食品文化的介绍来说，depachika"bussanten"不能被用。 地区当局被吸引带本地食品制造者到depachika建造他们的地区的特色意识， 因此一周它将用缘

故以Tohoku bussanten为特色，"shioika"(在一个罐子内的极其咸的腌制的鱿鱼)，

“konnyaku”

(由土豆)制造的有弹性的成冻胶素材从本州北部的“和各种各样的种类的海味相似；

下一带有精巧的“wagashi”(日本人风格糖)的一京都bussanten；同时，下一也许带有腌

制的 猪耳朵goya茶，“saa-taa agi”(专业donuts )和“kurozato”(黑色的食糖)的一冲绳bussanten。）

The better depachika have "eating corners" run by famous

restaurants,where customers can sample gourmet French cuisine, top-of-the-line pasta,superbwagyu"(Japanese-style beef) and the very best soba noodles, for example.

Most have a "bento" section or two, selling box lunches from all over, such as

"ikkura-don"(salmon roe on rice)and "uni-don" (sea urchin on rice) from Hokkaido.（较好的depachika由著名的餐馆“吃角”管理，在其中客户

能抽样美食家法国的烹饪，顶端线pasta，宏伟“wagyu”(日本人风

格牛肉)和十分最好soba面条，例如。大多数有一“bento”二段，从出售盒子午餐处处，

诸如北 海道的“ikkura”(稻米)上的鲑鱼鱼卵和“uni”(稻米)上的海顽童。）

Another valuable little secret to know about depachika: in the evening, just before closing time

(usually 5:00), you can cruise through and get a lot of these things at a steep discount. I often do

this when I’m traveling in Japan -- after awhile,restaurants get to be too much,

so in the evening, exhausted from along day, I sometimes prefer to just go back to the hotel and

chill out with a pile of gourmet goodies.

（另一个贵重物小秘密知道关于depachika： 在晚上，就在在关闭时间(通常5:00 )之前，你能巡航穿过并且在一种陡峭的折扣得到许多这些事情。

当我在日本旅行时，我经常做这个-在之后片刻，餐馆在晚上是很多

，因此，从早到晚，我有时喜欢从外面带着一大堆美味好吃的东西回到饭店品尝，）

　　The "omiyage" (souvenir gift) corner is a reliable place to find lovely and absurdly expensive

gifts for the familyback home -- and the office, and the club,

and the neighbors,etc, etc. They’re not all expensive;

the biggest seller,especially at year-end and midsummer, is beautifully wrapped gift boxes of beer,

costing not much more than you’d pay for the beer alone.
（"omiyage"(纪念品礼物)角落是回家为家庭找可爱和荒谬

礼物的一个可靠的地方 -- 以及办公室和俱乐部或邻近的礼物，

等等，他们并非全部昂贵；最大的卖方，特别是在年底和仲夏，

很好地把天赋盒啤酒包起来，仅仅花费你将单独适合啤酒支付。）

　　And of course, there are the famous $100 melons. Visitors often ask me if such a fruit

can really be that delicious, but of course eating it isn’t the point -- giving an expensive gift is.

If it’s aperfect melon, free of blemishes, with the desirable cross-hatch pattern and the proper

handle-shaped stem,the recipient knows it’s expensive -- and giving a perfectly tasty

but cheapo-lookingmelon just wouldn’t do.

（并且当然，有著名的100 美元瓜。 参观者经常问我是否这样的水果罐头真的那么美味，

但是当然吃，这不是要点 -- 给一个昂贵的礼物是。 如果它是一个完美的瓜，没有缺点，带有合

乎需要的十字架孵图案和适当的柄形成的干，接受者知道它是昂贵的 -- 并且给一个十分可口但

是样子 cheapo的瓜就将不做。 ）

French menu

American eating
American eating is funny. They eat almost everything with a fork, and it

appears

that holding a knife in one's right hand longer than a few seconds is

considered to

be against good table manners. The system is that if it is absolutely

necessary to

use a knife, people take the fork in their left hand, and cut off a piece

of meat or

whatever it is in the normal manner. Then they put the knife down,

transfer the

fork to their right hand, and only then do they transport the food to

their mouth.

This is clearly ludicrous(滑稽可笑), but it is considered good manners.
　　There are several results of this system. First, if it is not absolutely

necessary

to use a knife,Americans don't use one, because obviously this greatly complicates

(使复杂化) things, and you will therefore see them trying to cut things like

potatoes, fish and even bacon(熏猪肉) with a fork. Second, towards the end

of a course, since only one implement(器具) is being used, food has to be chased

around the plate with the fork — and for the last mouthful the thumb has to be

used to keep the food in place, although one is not supposed to do this.
　　Third, tables are generally laid with one knife and two forks, the outside fork being for the

salad.

There is no need for foreign visitors to follow the American system and try to eat the salad with

only a

fork, but if you do use your knife, remember to save it for the meat course. Even desserts(甜食)

(except ice cream) are eaten with a fork if at all possible, and the spoon you see by your dessert is

meant to be for coffee (but if you use it for your dessert no one will say anything).
　　Some Breakfast Dishes 早餐食谱
　　Breakfast in a restaurant is a very enjoyable experience. If you order eggs in a restaurant, t

he waiter/waitress will ask you how you want them . You can reply that you want them

"scrambled(炒)" or "boiled". It is not sufficient, however, to ask for them "fried"; you will have to

specify whether you would prefer them "sunny-side-up" (煎一面), "over"(两面煎),

"over-easy/easy-over"(两面煎，但蛋黄仍然呈流体状).
　　American sausage(香肠) comes in slices and is quite spicy. But you can also have link

sausage.
　　American bacon comes in small strips, can be rather fat, and is served crispy. It is usually

very tasty,andyou can eat it with your fingers. "Hash brows"(油炸土豆片) are

shredded(切成碎片的)and fried potatoes.

They are wonderful, especially with fried eggs and ketchup(蕃茄酱).
　　"Pancakes", sometimes called "hot cakes", are made with baking power. They are normally

served in a pile, and you are supposed to put butter and syrup(果浆) on them.
"Jelly"(果子冻) is jam and includes grape jelly, which is very tasty.
        Toast is often served already buttered.
　　"English muffins(松饼)" are like small crumpets(烤饼) without the holes and are served toasted.

You put jam on them. A "biscuit"(软饼) is a snall, scone-like bread roll, often served hot.

Orange juice and coffee are often serced with breakfast.
What should I do or not do when I am eating in Britain?
The British generally pay a lot of attention to good table manners. Even young children are expected

to eat properly with knife and fork.
We eat most of our food with cutlery. The foods we don't eat with a knife, fork or spoon include

sandwiches, crisps, corn on the cob, and fruit.
Things you should do:
If you cannot eat a certain type of food or have some special needs, tell your host severa

l days before the dinner party.
If you are a guest, it is polite to wait until your host starts eating or indicates you should do

so. It shows consideration.
Always chew and swallow all the food in your mouth before taking more or taking a drink.
You may eat chicken and pizza with your fingers if you are at a barbecue, finger buffet or

very informal setting. Otherwise always use a knife and fork.
Always say thank you when served something. It shows appreciation.
When eating rolls, break off a piece of bread before buttering. Eating it whole looks tacky.
When eating soup, tip the bowl away from you and scoop the soup up with your spoon.

When you have finished eating, and to let others know that you have, place your knife and folk together, with the prongs (tines) on the fork facing upwards, on your plate. In a restaurant, it is normal to pay for your food by putting your money on the plate the bill comes on. Things you should not do: Never lick or put your knife in your mouth. It is impolite to start eating before everyone has been served. Never chew with your mouth open. No one wants to see food being chewed or hearing it being chomped on. It is impolite to have your elbows on the table while you are eating. Don't reach over someone's plate for something, ask for the item to be passed. Never talk with food in your mouth. It is impolite to put too much food in your mouth. Never use your fingers to push food onto your spoon or fork. It is impolite to slurp your food or eat noisily. Never blow your nose on a napkin (serviette). Napkins are for dabbing your lips and only for that. Never take food from your neighbours plate. Never pick food out of your teeth with your fingernails. Things that are ok to do: It is ok to eat and drink something while walking down the street, unless you want to seem posh. It is ok to pour your own drink when eating with other people, but it is more polite to offer pouring drinks to the people sitting on either side of you. It is ok to put milk and sugar in your tea and coffee or to drink them both without either. I am not used to eating with a knife and fork. What do I need to know? We eat continental style, with fork in the left hand and the knife in the right (or the other way round if you are left handed). At the top of your plate will be a dessert spoon and dessert fork. If you are eating at a formal dinner party, you will come across many knives and forks. Start with the utensils on the outside and work your way inward with each subsequent course How to eat with a knife and fork in England The fork is held in the left hand and the knife in the right. If you have a knife in one hand, it is wrong to have a fork in the other with the prongs (tines) pointed up. Hold your knife with the handle in your palm and your folk in the other hand with the prongs pointing downwards. How to hold a fork How to hold a knife When eating in formal situations, rest the fork and knife on the plate between mouthfuls, or for a break for conversation. If you put your knife down, you can turn your fork over. It's correct to change hands when you do this, too, so if you are right handed you would switch and eat with the fork in your right hand. If it is your sole eating instrument, the fork should be held with the handle between the index finger and the thumb and resting on the side of your middle finger. How to eat peas To be very polite, peas should be crushed onto the fork - a fork with the prongs pointing down. The best way is to have load the fork with something to which they will stick, such as potato or a soft vegetable that squashes easily onto the fork. It's sometimes easier to put down your knife and then switch your fork to the other hand, so you can shovel the peas against something else on the plate, thus ensuring they end up on your fork. How to eat pudding (desserts) To eat dessert, break the dessert with the spoon, one bite at a time. Push the food with the fork (optional) into the spoon. Eat from the spoon. (Fork in left hand; spoon in right.) How to use a napkin or serviette The golden rule is that a napkin should never be used to blow your nose on. This is a definite no-no. Napkins should be placed across the lap - tucking them into your clothing may be considered 'common'